Wall oe lining foe shield tumbling and fob shaft



( No Model.)

G. H. DUN LOP. WALL OR LINING FOR SHIELD IUNNELING AND F OR SHAFTSINKING. No. 595,702.

Patented Dec. 21 1 897.

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UNITED STATES PATENT @FFICE.

GEORGE HENRY DUNLOP, 'OF SOUTH MELBOURNE, VICTORIA.

WALL 0R LINlNG FOR'SHIELD-TUNNELING AND FOR SHAFT-SINKING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 595,702, dated December21, 1897. Application filed July 8, 1897. $erial No. 643,863. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE HENRY DUN- LOP, civil engineer, a subject ofthe Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and a resident of N 0. 139'Bridport Street, South Melbourne, in the British Colony of Victoria,have invented a certain new and useful Improved Wall or 'Lining forShield-Tunneling and for Shaft- Sinking, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to an improved wall or lining for shield-tunneling and for shaftsinking, the invention being applicable also to ordinarytunneling. By the adoption of this method in shield-tunneling it is notnecessary to follow theshield with metal cylinders or masonry or othersimilar material, as is now usually done, as I employ the ordinaryshieldand follow it closely with strong wooden lining of the outer .formof the tunnel or shield built of sections or segments forming rings andprovided when requisite with continuous lines of 7 horizontal strutsstrong enough to form resistance posts or bearers for the pressure ofthe hydraulic rams by which the shield is forced forward. The rings orconsecutive lengths of lining are built either partly or wholly withinthe tail or rear end of the shield orclose following the rear end of theshield. The aforesaid wooden linings may form either a temporary or apermanent lining or wall to the excavation or tunnel, or they may beleft at their position and be covered with the necessary thickness ofconcrete or masonry, &c., to complete the tunnel, or the linings are puttogether in such a manner that a great portion of the timber, such asthe segmental ribs, can be removed before building such masonry-lining.When tunneling, to prevent distortion of the lining through heavypressure or running ground a set or framing of timber is built betweenthe ribs or linings to resist any such undue pressure.

The whole of the parts forming the linings are secured together bybolts, nails, cleats, iron timber-dogs, or by other usual fastenings.

In the attached drawings, Figure 1 is an end view of the wood lining orwall and showing the set in position; and Fig. 2, alongitudinalsectional View of two connected lining or wall rings, one of which showsthe laggin gs complete and also showing the set. Fig. 3 is a similarview to Fig. 2, but showing the segmental linings provided withlongitudinal fianges which may take the place of the struts; Fig. 4, apart longitudinal section of the linings when the ends of laggingsoverlap; Fig. 5, apart end view of linings, showing the ringsstrengthened by intermediate segments, and Fig. 6 is also a part endview showing the keypiece employed for closing the joint of the type oflinings shown in Fig. 3. Figs. 7 and 8 show tapering key-segments tofacilitate removal of the ribs shown in Fig. 4, while Figs. 9, 9, and 9show alternative arrangements of wedges for the wood lining when theribs are to be removed.

As shown in the drawings, each ring or length of tunnel-lining in'itssimplest form consists of the circumferential laggings and theirsupporting-ribs, a a being the ribs, each composed of a suitable numberof segments formed of one or more layers or plies of wood, and b b theboards or laggings, supported at or near their ends by said ribs andwhen in position forming the outer tunnel-lining.

c c are the struts or thrust-blocks, one or more of which is placedopposite each ram of the shield to bear and distribute the pressure whenshoving the shield; also, the struts form braces for the segments.

The space between the ribs a a, Fig. 3, may be filled with concrete,brickwork, or masonry :10, such masonry serving to strengthen the liningand to resist the thrust of the hydraulic rams in conjunction with or insubstitution for the thrust-blocks. This filling of masonry-wouldusually be put in position after each ring of wood lining is erected andbefore the shield is moved forward again.

In shield-tunneling with lining, as shown in Fig. 2, when thethrust-blocks c c are not used the head of the ram will be so formed asto bear on the ends of the laggings when shoving the shield.

d (1, Figs. 2 and 5, are segments, either between the struts c and thusforming acornplete or part ring intermediate to the ribs a.

Said segments (1 may only be required when the laggin gs or ribs arebeing unduly strained.

f f, Figs. 3 and 6, are longitudinal pieces which may be used to formconnecting-pieces between the end rib-segments; also, they may temporaryor permanent,securely wedged be used with or take the place of thethrustblocks 0 0. These pieces may be either as deep radially as the riband laggings, as in Fig. 6, or as deep as the rib only, the laggings inthis case being continuous around each ring.

g is a key consisting of a piece, either rectangular or tapering, of thelength of the ring for keying plates or portions of rings having thelongitudinal pieces ff, or where the shield is too small to allow thering to be completed with ordinary segments alone.

The set is composed of sill 6, cap 6', and legs 6 and it is built withinthe linings when further strength is required or to prevent deformationof the linings until the vacuity left by the shield outside of thelaggings has been filled by grouting or by the closing in of theunsupported earth at the sides of the tunnel. This set may be extendedby additional struts to further strengthen large tunnel-linings.

In tunnels where the ribs a a are removed wholly or for part of the ringbefore the concrete or other masonry is built in the rib at one end ofeach ring is smaller in diameter than the rib at the other end and thelaggings overlap, as shown in Fig. 4, throughout the whole ring or forsuch part as the ribs are to be removed, and in this system the concreteor masonry is placed in position, as shown by dotted lines m in Fig. 4c,in length equal to the ring lengths and ending close to the smaller riband which latter and the adjoining large rib may then be removed afterthe laggings are covered with concrete or masonry, the laggings at theone end of the unlined ring being temporarily supported by the end ofthe laggings of the concreted ring which they overlap.

hen the ribs a, as shown in Fig. 4, are to be removed, smaller ribs 4:or hoop-iron or bent strips of wood j, not requiring to be removed, mayhave the laggings spiked or nailed to them, and these ribs -v or stripsj or the laggings so nailed to them may be temporarily fastened to themain large ribs which are to be removed. One of the segmentpieces a ofeach complete rib may be of a tapering form, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8,to facilitate removal.

An alternative arrangement of striking wedges for the wood lining whenthe ribs are to be removed is shown in Figs. 9, 9, and 9 w 10 being apair of wedges, Fig. 9, or w, Figs. 9 and 9", single wedges. Thelaggings at this joint may overlap, so as to be in contact when the ribsand wedges are in position, as in Fig. 9, or a strip of metal or othermaterial, as '11, Figs. 9 and 9", may be nailed to the laggings on onerib, such strip to be of sufficient width to span the jointing wedge orwedges and to cover a portion of the laggings on the other rib. Thesewedges will be temporarily secured by nailing, by cleats, or by irontimber-dogs, or the like.

\Vhere the rib part only of segments of each ring are to be removed, theremaining portion, which will usually be the lower portion, may have thelaggings butt-jointed, as shown at Figs. 2 and 3.

Wedges h, Fig. 2, for, if necessary, adjusting the ring lengths andafterward for facilitating the withdrawal of the thrust-blocks, may beplaced at the end of each block. The rib-segments of adjoining rings maybe bolted together, as shown in Fig. 2; also, the 1ongitudinal pieces ofeach ring may be bolted together (see Fig. 8) when such pieces are used.

This system may in some instances be applicable when the shield is notused, either where the ground is sufliciently firm to stand unsupportedfor the length and for the time necessary for inserting a ring of liningor where the ground is wholly or partly supported by compressed air orby temporary timbering or other lining.

This system of lining may be applied to shaft-sinking in a similarmanner to tunneling, either with or without a shield or box in advanceof the lining.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A wooden wall or lining for tunneling composed of ribs as a andlaggings as b and struts as 0 having a strengthening set as e, e, 6longitudinal pieces as f and segments as d all secured together andarranged substantially as herein described and shown in the drawings.

2. In shield-tunneling a wall or lining consisting of ribs alaggingsband masonrya; and struts as a built substantially as described andshown in the drawings.

3. A wooden wall or lining for tunneling consisting of the rings eachmade up of ribs at each end, one rib being smaller than the other andthe overlapping laggings carried by the ribs, substantially asdescribed.

4.. In combination in a wooden wall or shield for tunneling, the ribs a,the laggings b, and the struts c said struts being arranged between theribs.

5. In combination in a wooden wall for tunneling, the ribs a, thelaggingsb carried thereby, the struts 0 between the ribs and thesegments d between the struts, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twowitnesses.

GEORGE HENRY DUNLOP.

Witnesses BEDLINGTON BODYCOMB, W. STOKES.

